Response to emphasis on reason during the Enlightenment era.
Gothicism is a submovement
1865-1914
Response to Romanticism after war and industrial revolution
Naturalism: nature is indifferent towards us
Major Ideas
imagination
The simplicity and beauty of nature
passionate emotion
Individualism
Exotic elements
Idealism
Showcase the gritty truth
Offer commentary and solutions to prevalent socioeconomic dilemmas of their time
Authors of this era tried to maintain objectivity in their work when discussing solutions
gender inequality
social class discrepancy
uneven wealth distribution
Major Authors
Alexander Dumas
William Blake
"The Lamb" and "The Tyger"
William Wordsworth
"The World Is Too Much With Us Late and Soon"
Percy Shelley
Mary Shelley
John Keats
"Ode on a Grecian Urn"
Charles Dickens
Great Expectations
David Copperfield
Oliver Twist
Mark Twain
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Kate Chopin
The Awakening
Henrik Ibsen
"A Doll's House"
*
"Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats (1795-1821 THOU still unravish'd bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time,Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressA flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shapeOf deities or mortals, or of both,In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy? Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheardAre sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leaveThy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,Though winning near the goal—yet, do not grieve;She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair! Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shedYour leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;And, happy melodist, unwearièd,For ever piping songs for ever new;More happy love! more happy, happy love!For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,For ever panting, and for ever young;All breathing human passion far above,That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,A burning forehead, and a parching tongue. Who are these coming to the sacrifice?To what green altar, O mysterious priest,Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?What little town by river or sea-shore,Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,Is emptied of its folk, this pious morn?And, little town, thy streets for evermoreWill silent be; and not a soul, to tellWhy thou art desolate, can e'er return. O Attic shape! fair attitude! with bredeOf marble men and maidens overwrought,With forest branches and the trodden weed;Thou, silent form! dost tease us out of thoughtAs doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!When old age shall this generation waste,Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woeThan ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,'Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is allYe know on earth, and all ye need to know.' Keats the role of a Grecian urn in preserving history speaking in a reverent tone with fanciful diction. Keats elevates the urn from merely being pottery with aesthetic appeal by giving it a persona with near omniscience in mankind's history up until the time of its creation. Keats gives the urn this persona by using epithets such as "bride of quietness" and "foster-child of Silence and slow Time." The Grecian urn also serves as the concrete aspect of Keats extended metaphor, showing how the idealized version off history portrayed on hardened tapestry can easily be shattered or dwindle in importance as time passes. Sources: http://prezi.com/jbr1u5crjvmp/romanticism-ap-lit/https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&cad=rja&ved=0CGkQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mychandlerschools.org%2Fcms%2Flib6%2FAZ01001175%2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F2078%2Fromanticism_versus_realism.ppt&ei=ItU7Uvi7E4O69gTAx4CIDA&usg=AFQjCNGYnoq9QirSOzOjbfD0-8hFYMpTXA&bvm=bv.52434380,d.eWUhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&ved=0CEkQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fshenangoaplit.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FAP%2BEnglish%2BLiterature%2Bromanticism%2Bhelp.doc&ei=tNc7UpCoF4zE9gSm0IDICQ&usg=AFQjCNFppVK1vRvEku-M1LyFi3YY8Vxjig&bvm=bv.52434380,d.eWUhttps://wikis.engrade.com/aphonorsbritishliteratur/9http://www.slideshare.net/victorhasheart/the-realistic-period
- Charles Dickens
- Great Expectations
- David Copperfield
- Oliver Twist
- Mark Twain
- The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
- The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
- Kate Chopin
- The Awakening
- Henrik Ibsen
- "A Doll's House"
*"Ode on a Grecian Urn"
by John Keats (1795-1821
THOU still unravish'd bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time,Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressA flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shapeOf deities or mortals, or of both,In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?
Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheardAre sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leaveThy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,Though winning near the goal—yet, do not grieve;She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shedYour leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;And, happy melodist, unwearièd,For ever piping songs for ever new;More happy love! more happy, happy love!For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,For ever panting, and for ever young;All breathing human passion far above,That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.
Who are these coming to the sacrifice?To what green altar, O mysterious priest,Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?What little town by river or sea-shore,Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,Is emptied of its folk, this pious morn?And, little town, thy streets for evermoreWill silent be; and not a soul, to tellWhy thou art desolate, can e'er return.
O Attic shape! fair attitude! with bredeOf marble men and maidens overwrought,With forest branches and the trodden weed;Thou, silent form! dost tease us out of thoughtAs doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!When old age shall this generation waste,Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woeThan ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,'Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is allYe know on earth, and all ye need to know.'
Keats the role of a Grecian urn in preserving history speaking in a reverent tone with fanciful diction. Keats elevates the urn from merely being pottery with aesthetic appeal by giving it a persona with near omniscience in mankind's history up until the time of its creation. Keats gives the urn this persona by using epithets such as "bride of quietness" and "foster-child of Silence and slow Time." The Grecian urn also serves as the concrete aspect of Keats extended metaphor, showing how the idealized version off history portrayed on hardened tapestry can easily be shattered or dwindle in importance as time passes.
Sources:
http://prezi.com/jbr1u5crjvmp/romanticism-ap-lit/ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&cad=rja&ved=0CGkQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mychandlerschools.org%2Fcms%2Flib6%2FAZ01001175%2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F2078%2Fromanticism_versus_realism.ppt&ei=ItU7Uvi7E4O69gTAx4CIDA&usg=AFQjCNGYnoq9QirSOzOjbfD0-8hFYMpTXA&bvm=bv.52434380,d.eWU https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&ved=0CEkQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fshenangoaplit.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FAP%2BEnglish%2BLiterature%2Bromanticism%2Bhelp.doc&ei=tNc7UpCoF4zE9gSm0IDICQ&usg=AFQjCNFppVK1vRvEku-M1LyFi3YY8Vxjig&bvm=bv.52434380,d.eWU https://wikis.engrade.com/aphonorsbritishliteratur/9http://www.slideshare.net/victorhasheart/the-realistic-period